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Glossary
Term Definition Body metabolism Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy.
Carbohydrate A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms that can be found in foods and living tissues; e.g. sugars, starch, and cellulose.
Fats Fat molecules consist of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms and are therefore hydrophobic and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Examples include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides.
Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases.
Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non-carbohydrate precursors.
Glycogenesis Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose.
Glycogenolysis Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1).
Glycolysis Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose. Glycolysis can take place with or without oxygen. Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.
Ketogenesis Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies through breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.
Kreb cycle The citric acid cycle – also known as the TCA cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide.
Protein Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source. It is commonly found in animal products, though is also present in other sources, such as nuts and legumes.
Transamination Transamination, a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids. This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids.
Resources
This RLO contains no resources Learning outcomes
By completing this resource you will be able to:
To provide an overview of how body metabolism responds to different physiological conditions (eg; well fed and fasting states).
This resource was developed by:
Content author: Adeline Chia, Wei Hsum Yap
Developers: Haniffa Beevi Abdul Jaleel, Enna Ayub, Nurhanim Hassan, Mohd Radzy Omar
Programmer: Aizul Hadi Rusman
Learning Object Copyright and Terms of Use
All Learning Objects developed by the University of Nottingham School of Health Sciences, and their aggregate parts (eg text, animations), are copyright of the School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham. Learning Objects are available for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License and the conditions below.
Terms of Use
Private individuals, and publicly-funded educational and other institutions, may link to and use the Learning Objects on this site without restriction for non-commercial educational purposes. Use of any Learning Objects for any commercial purpose, or by any profit-making commercial entity, is not permitted without our express permission. If you wish to use a Learning Object for any commercial, revenue-generating or non-educational purpose, you must contact us to negotiate terms of use and payment.
We much prefer that you use this and other Learning Objects by linking to them on this website as:
- this ensures you're always using the most up-to-date version
- we gain data on usage of the Learning Objects, from access statistics and user feedback forms
Local circumstances, such as network security policies, may constrain your ability to link to external sites, or may impair the usability of our objects. If you're unable to run our Learning Objects 'from source' for these or other reasons, please contact us with a brief explanation of your circumstances and we may provide you with specified Learning Objects as an IMS Content Package.
Modification
Modification to adapt Learning Objects to local circumstances is permitted, with the following restrictions:
- The modified version must clearly display the University of Nottingham logo, and the School copyright notice.
- The modified version must not be distributed outside the modifying institution without the express permission of the School.
Contacts
If you have any queries about our Learning Objects, please contact helm@nottingham.ac.uk
Attribution
Please use the attribution below if you wish to refer to our learning objects. If you use Firefox, you can install the useful OpenAttribute add-on to allow you to easily copy and reference these and other materials marked as Creative Commons.
Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Body metabolism | Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy. |
| Carbohydrate | A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms that can be found in foods and living tissues; e.g. sugars, starch, and cellulose. |
| Fats | Fat molecules consist of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms and are therefore hydrophobic and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Examples include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. |
| Fatty acid synthesis | Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. |
| Gluconeogenesis | Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non-carbohydrate precursors. |
| Glycogenesis | Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. |
| Glycogenolysis | Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1). |
| Glycolysis | Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose. Glycolysis can take place with or without oxygen. Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. |
| Ketogenesis | Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies through breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. |
| Kreb cycle | The citric acid cycle – also known as the TCA cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide. |
| Protein | Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source. It is commonly found in animal products, though is also present in other sources, such as nuts and legumes. |
| Transamination | Transamination, a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids. This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids. |
Resources
Learning outcomes
By completing this resource you will be able to:
To provide an overview of how body metabolism responds to different physiological conditions (eg; well fed and fasting states).
This resource was developed by:
Content author: Adeline Chia, Wei Hsum Yap
Developers: Haniffa Beevi Abdul Jaleel, Enna Ayub, Nurhanim Hassan, Mohd Radzy Omar
Programmer: Aizul Hadi Rusman
Learning Object Copyright and Terms of Use
All Learning Objects developed by the University of Nottingham School of Health Sciences, and their aggregate parts (eg text, animations), are copyright of the School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham. Learning Objects are available for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License and the conditions below.
Terms of Use
Private individuals, and publicly-funded educational and other institutions, may link to and use the Learning Objects on this site without restriction for non-commercial educational purposes. Use of any Learning Objects for any commercial purpose, or by any profit-making commercial entity, is not permitted without our express permission. If you wish to use a Learning Object for any commercial, revenue-generating or non-educational purpose, you must contact us to negotiate terms of use and payment.
We much prefer that you use this and other Learning Objects by linking to them on this website as:
- this ensures you're always using the most up-to-date version
- we gain data on usage of the Learning Objects, from access statistics and user feedback forms
Local circumstances, such as network security policies, may constrain your ability to link to external sites, or may impair the usability of our objects. If you're unable to run our Learning Objects 'from source' for these or other reasons, please contact us with a brief explanation of your circumstances and we may provide you with specified Learning Objects as an IMS Content Package.
Modification
Modification to adapt Learning Objects to local circumstances is permitted, with the following restrictions:
- The modified version must clearly display the University of Nottingham logo, and the School copyright notice.
- The modified version must not be distributed outside the modifying institution without the express permission of the School.
Contacts
If you have any queries about our Learning Objects, please contact helm@nottingham.ac.uk
Attribution
Please use the attribution below if you wish to refer to our learning objects. If you use Firefox, you can install the useful OpenAttribute add-on to allow you to easily copy and reference these and other materials marked as Creative Commons.